Aura MLS
HCl
Contact: Lucien Froidevaux
HCl in the stratosphere (from 15 to 50 km altitude) is a gas that results from the decomposition (by UV radiation) of tropospheric sources gases, mainly chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
Most of the chlorine that is released from CFCs stored in this HCl reservoir at high altitudes (near 50 km), and HCl in the upper stratosphere provides a measure of the total chlorine content of the atmosphere (an abundance close to 3.5 parts per billion by volume).
The chemistry that leads to ozone depletion at high latitudes largely comes from the more reactive forms of gaseous chlorine (mainly as ClO or chlorine monoxide, also measured by MLS), which makes up all or a large fraction of the atmospheric chlorine content in the lower stratosphere (near 20 km altitude) during polar winter and spring.
Some chlorine at high altitude (near 40 km) is also in the form of ClO, which participates in ozone depletion as well. HCl is converted to ClO at high altitude, mainly by reaction with the OH radical; methane (CH4) reacting with chlorine atoms reforms HCl.
A steady-state balance in the concentrations of active and reservoir chlorine molecules is achieved. Chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) also plays a role as a temporary chlorine reservoir, usually with lower abundances than HCl.
How it is part of MLS Science Objectives
One of the objectives for MLS and the Aura mission is to understand and follow changes in the chemistry and atmospheric composition that can affect stratospheric ozone.
HCl in the upper stratosphere has now been decreasing (since about the turn of the century), based on expectations from measurements of CFCs at the ground as well as past satellite HCl data and column HCl measurements from ground-based infrared data.
MLS has observed a global decrease in upper stratospheric HCl, confirming that international agreements to limit the production of CFCs is having an impact on the total available stratospheric chlorine abundance (more than 95% of stratospheric chlorine at high altitude is in the form of gaseous HCl).
Since early 2006, however, the main band for measuring HCl has been used very infrequently because of rapid deterioration in this specific portion of the MLS instrument; this does not diminish the usefulness/quality of other MLS data, including HCl measurements in the lower stratosphere (below about 30km altitude), as these measurements (from another band) have continued on a daily basis.
In the lower stratosphere during polar winter and spring, the MLS measurements of HCl and ClO provide important information about the partitioning of chlorine products critical to ozone depletion.
How EOS MLS measures HCl
Retrievals of the HCl standard product (fromthe 640GHz radiometer) use channels from band 14, as a result of the deterioration observed since early 2006 in nearby band 13, originally targeted (with narrower channels than band 14) at the main HCl emission line center.
HCl Information from the Spectroscopy Database
Quick Product Information for data version v5
- Swath Name: HCl
- Status Flag: Only use profiles for which the Status field is an even number.
- Useful Range: 100 - 0.32 hPa
- DAAC Short Name: ML2HCL
- Precision: Only use values for which the estimated precision is a positive number.
- Quality Threshold: >1.2
- Convergence Threshold: <1.05
Latest Publications (HCl)
Solomon, S., K. Stone, P. Yu, D.M. Murphy, D. Kinnison, A.R. Ravishankara and P. Wang
Chlorine activation and enhanced ozone depletion induced by wildfire aerosol
Wang, P., S. Solomon and K. Stone
Stratospheric chlorine processing after the 2020 Australian wildfires derived from satellite data
Blunden, J. and T. Boyer
State of the Climate in 2021
Millán, L., M.L. Santee, A. Lambert, N.J. Livesey, F. Werner, M.J. Schwartz, H.C. Pumphrey, G.L. Manney, Y. Wang, H. Su, L. Wu, W.G. Read and L. Froidevaux
The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Hydration of the Stratosphere
Salawitch, R. and L. McBride
Australian wildfires depleted the ozone layer
Santee, M.L., A. Lambert, G.L. Manney, N.J. Livesey, L. Froidevaux, J.L. Neu, M.J. Schwartz, L.F. Millán, F. Werner, W.G. Read, M. Park, R.A. Fuller and B.M. Ward
Prolonged and Pervasive Perturbations in the Composition of the Southern Hemisphere Midlatitude Lower Stratosphere From the Australian New Year's Fires
Strahan, S., D. Smale, S. Solomon, G. Taha, M. Damon, S. Steenrod, N. Jones, B. Liley, R. Querel and J. Robinson
Unexpected Repartitioning of Stratospheric Inorganic Chlorine After the 2020 Australian Wildfires
Feng, W., S. Dhomse, C. Arosio, M. Weber, J. Burrows, M. Santee and M. Chipperfield
Arctic Ozone Depletion in 2019/20: Roles of Chemistry, Dynamics and the Montreal Protocol
Grooß, J. and R. Müller
Simulation of Record Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Depletion in 2020
Shan, C., H. Zhang, W. Wang, C. Liu, Y. Xie, Q. Hu and N. Jones
Retrieval of Stratospheric HNO3 and HCl Based on Ground-Based High-Resolution Fourier Transform Spectroscopy
Sukhodolov, T., T. Egorova, A. Stenke, W. Ball, C. Brodowsky, G. Chiodo, A. Feinberg, M. Friedel, A. Karagodin-Doyennel, T. Peter, J. Sedlacek, S. Vattioni and E. Rozanov
Atmosphere–ocean–aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOLv4.0: description and evaluation
von Gathen, P.D., R. Kivi, I. Wohltmann, R. Salawitch and M. Rex
Climate change favours large seasonal loss of Arctic ozone
Wilkerson, J., D. Sayres, J. Smith, N. Allen, M. Rivero, M. Greenberg, T. Martin and J. Anderson
In situ observations of stratospheric HCl using three-mirror integrated cavity output spectroscopy
Barrera, J., R. Fernandez, F. Iglesias-Suarez, C. Cuevas, J. Lamarque and A. Saiz-Lopez
Seasonal impact of biogenic very short-lived bromocarbons on lowermost stratospheric ozone between 60° N and 60° S during the 21st century
Han, Y., F. Xie and J. Zhang
Has Stratospheric HCl in the Northern Hemisphere Been Increasing Since 2005?
Inness, A., S. Chabrillat, J. Flemming, V. Huijnen, B. Langenrock, J. Nicolas, I. Polichtchouk and M. Razinger
Exceptionally Low Arctic Stratospheric Ozone in Spring 2020 as Seen in the CAMS Reanalysis
Manney, G., N. Livesey, M. Santee, L. Froidevaux, A. Lambert, Z. Lawrence, L. Millán, J. Neu, W. Read, M. Schwartz and R. Fuller
Record‐Low Arctic Stratospheric Ozone in 2020: MLS Observations of Chemical Processes and Comparisons With Previous Extreme Winters
Nakajima, H., I. Murata, Y. Nagahama, H. Akiyoshi, K. Saeki, T. Kinase, M. Takeda, Y. Tomikawa, E. Dupuy and N. Jones
Chlorine partitioning near the polar vortex edge observed with ground-based FTIR and satellites at Syowa Station, Antarctica, in 2007 and 2011
Nara, S., T. Sato, T. Yamada, T. Fujinawa, K. Kuribayashi, T. Manabe, L. Froidevaux, N. Livesey, K. Walker, J. Xu, F. Schreier, Y. Orsolini, V. Limpasuvan, N. Kuno and Y. Kasai
Validation of SMILES HCl profiles over a wide range from the stratosphere to the lower thermosphere
Strahan, S., D. Smale, A. Douglass, T. Blumenstock, J. Hannigan, F. Hase, N. Jones, E. Mahieu, J. Notholt, L. Oman, I. Ortega, M. Palm, M. Prignon, J. Robinson, M. Schneider, R. Sussmann and V. Velazco
Observed Hemispheric Asymmetry in Stratospheric Transport Trends From 1994 to 2018
Wargan, K., B. Weir, G. Manney, S. Cohn and N. Livesey
The Anomalous 2019 Antarctic Ozone Hole in the GEOS Constituent Data Assimilation System With MLS Observations
Blunden, J. and D. Arndt
State of the Climate in 2018
Errera, Q., S. Chabrillat, Y. Christophe, J. Debosscher, D. Hubert, W. Lahoz, M. Santee, M. Shiotani, S. Skachko, T. von Clarmann and K. Walker
Technical note: Reanalysis of Aura MLS chemical observations
Froidevaux, L., D. Kinnison, R. Wang, J. Anderson and R. Fuller
Evaluation of CESM1 WACCM free-running and specified dynamics atmospheric composition simulations using global multispecies satellite data records
Han, Y., W. Tian, M. Chipperfield, J. Zhang, F. Wang, W. Sang, J. Luo, W. Feng, A. Chrysanthou and H. Tian
Attribution of the Hemispheric Asymmetries in Trends of Stratospheric Trace Gases Inferred from Microwave Limb Sounder MLS Measurements
Johansson, S., M. Santee, J. Grooß, M. Höpfner, M. Braun, F. Friedl-Vallon, F. Khosrawi, O. Kirner, E. Kretschmer, H. Oelhaf, J. Orphal, B. Sinnhuber, I. Tritscher, J. Ungermann, K. Walker and W. Woiwode
Unusual chlorine partitioning in the 2015/16 Arctic winter lowermost stratosphere: observations and simulations
Li, X., J. Xu, T. Cheng, H. Shi, X. Zhang, S. Ge, H. Wang, S. Zhu, J. Miao and Q. Luo
Monitoring Trace Gases over the Antarctic Using Atmospheric Infrared Ultraspectral Sounder Onboard GaoFen-5: Algorithm Description and First Retrieval Results of O3, H2O, and HCl
Anderson, J.G. and C.E. Clapp
Coupling free radical catalysis, climate change, and human health
Bernath, P. and A. Fernando
Trends in stratospheric HCl from the ACE satellite mission
Dhomse, S., D. Kinnison, M. Chipperfield, R. Salawitch, I. Cionni, M. Hegglin, N.L. Abraham, H. Akiyoshi, A. Archibald, E. Bednarz, S. Bekki, P. Braesicke, N. Butchart, M. Dameris, M. Deushi, S. Frith, S. Hardiman, B. Hassler, L. Horowitz, R. Hu, P. Jöckel, B. Josse, O. Kirner, S. Kremser, U. Langematz, J. Lewis, M. Marchand, M. Lin, E. Mancini, V. Marécal, M. Michou, O. Morgenstern, F. O&aposConnor, L. Oman, G. Pitari, D. Plummer, J. Pyle, L. Revell, E. Rozanov, R. Schofield, A. Stenke, K. Stone, K. Sudo, S. Tilmes, D. Visioni, Y. Yamashita and G. Zeng
Estimates of ozone return dates from Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative simulations
Grooß, J., R. Müller, R. Spang, I. Tritscher, T. Wegner, M. Chipperfield, W. Feng, D. Kinnison and S. Madronich
On the discrepancy of HCl processing in the core of the wintertime polar vortices
Kreyling, D., I. Wohltmann, R. Lehmann and M. Rex
The Extrapolar SWIFT model version 1.0: fast stratospheric ozone chemistry for global climate models
Steinbrecht, W., M. Hegglin, N. Harris and M. Weber
Is global ozone recovering?
Stolarski, R., A. Douglass and S. Strahan
Using satellite measurements of N2O to remove dynamical variability from HCl measurements
Strahan, S. and A. Douglass
Decline in Antarctic Ozone Depletion and Lower Stratospheric Chlorine Determined From Aura Microwave Limb Sounder Observations
Xu, J., F. Schreier, G. Wetzel, A.D. Lange, M. Birk, T. Trautmann, A. Doicu and G. Wagner
Performance Assessment of Balloon-Borne Trace Gas Sounding with the Terahertz Channel of TELIS
Anderson, J., D. Weisenstein, K. Bowman, C. Homeyer, J. Smith, D. Wilmouth, D. Sayres, J.E. Klobas, S. Leroy, J. Dykema and S. Wofsy
Stratospheric ozone over the United States in summer linked to observations of convection and temperature via chlorine and bromine catalysis
Hegglin, M., S. Tegtmeier, J. Anderson, A. Bourassa, S. Brohede, D. Degenstein, L. Froidevaux, B. Funke, J. Gille, A. Jones, Y. Kasai, E. Kyrola, J. Lumpe, J. Neu, E. Remsberg, A. Rozanov, M. Toohey, J. Urban, T. von Clarmann, K.A. Walker and R. Wang
The SPARC Data Initiative: Assessment of stratospheric trace gas and aerosol climatologies from satellite limb sounders
Ochiai, S., P. Baron, T. Nishibori, Y. Irimajiri, Y. Uzawa, T. Manabe, H. Maezawa, A. Mizuno, T. Nagahama, H. Sagawa, M. Suzuki and M. Shiotani
SMILES-2 Mission for Temperature, Wind, and Composition in the Whole Atmosphere
Santee, M.L., G.L. Manney, N.J. Livesey, M.J. Schwartz, J.L. Neu and W.G. Read
A comprehensive overview of the climatological composition of the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone based on 10 years of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder measurements
Tweedy, O., N. Kramarova, S. Strahan, P. Newman, L. Coy, W. Randel, M. Park, D. Waugh and S. Frith
Response of trace gases to the disrupted 2015–2016 quasi-biennial oscillation
Wohltmann, I., R. Lehmann and M. Rex
A quantitative analysis of the reactions involved in stratospheric ozone depletion in the polar vortex core
Wohltmann, I., R. Lehmann and M. Rex
Update of the Polar SWIFT model for polar stratospheric ozone loss Polar SWIFT version 2
Akiyoshi, H., T. Nakamura, T. Miyasaka, M. Shiotani and M. Suzuki
A nudged chemistry-climate model simulation of chemical constituent distribution at northern high-latitude stratosphere observed by SMILES and MLS during the 2009/2010 stratospheric sudden warming
Andersson, M.E., P.T. Verronen, D.R. Marsh, S.M. Paivarinta and J.M.C. Plane
WACCM-D-Improved modeling of nitric acid and active chlorine during energetic particle precipitation
Carn, S.A., L. Clarisse and A.J. Prata
Multi-decadal satellite measurements of global volcanic degassing
Huijnen, V., J. Flemming, S. Chabrillat, Q. Errera, Y. Christophe, A. Blechschmidt, A. Richter and H. Eskes
C-IFS-CB05-BASCOE: stratospheric chemistry in the Integrated Forecasting System of ECMWF
Manney, G. and Z. Lawrence
The major stratospheric final warming in 2016: dispersal of vortex air and termination of Arctic chemical ozone loss
Millan, L., N. Livesey, M. Santee, J. Neu, G. Manney and R. Fuller
Case studies of the impact of orbital sampling on stratospheric trend detection and derivation of tropical vertical velocities: solar occultation vs. limb emission sounding
Nakajima, H., I. Wohltmann, T. Wegner, M. Takeda, M.C. Pitts, L.R. Poole, R. Lehmann, M.L. Santee and M. Rex
Polar Stratospheric Cloud evolution and chlorine activation measured by CALIPSO and MLS, and modelled by ATLAS
Skachko, S., R. Menard, Q. Errera, Y. Christophe and S. Chabrillat
EnKF and 4D-Var data assimilation with chemical transport model BASCOE version 05.06
Wegner, T., M. Pitts, L. Poole, I. Tritscher, J. Grooß and H. Nakajima
Vortex-wide chlorine activation by a mesoscale PSC event in the Arctic winter of 2009/10
Froidevaux, L., J. Anderson, H.J. Wang, R.A. Fuller, M.J. Schwartz, M.L. Santee, N.J. Livesey, H.C. Pumphrey, P.F. Bernath, J.M. Russell III and M.P. McCormick
Global OZone Chemistry And Related trace gas Data records for the Stratosphere GOZCARDS: methodology and sample results with a focus on HCl, H2O, and O3
Guo, D., Y. Su, C. Shi, J. Xu and A. Powell
Double core of ozone valley over the Tibetan Plateau and its possible mechanisms
Kristiansen, N.I., A.J. Prata, A. Stohl and S.A. Carn
Stratospheric volcanic ash emissions from the 13 February 2014 Kelut eruption
Kuttippurath, J., S. Godin-Beekmann, F. Lefevre, M.L. Santee, L. Froidevaux and A. Hauchecorne
Variability in Antarctic ozone loss in the last decade 2004-2013: high-resolution simulations compared to Aura MLS observations
Manney, G., Z. Lawrence, M. Santee, W. Read, N. Livesey, A. Lambert, L. Froidevaux, H. Pumphrey and M. Schwartz
A minor sudden stratospheric warming with a major impact: Transport and polar processing in the 2014/2015 Arctic winter
Manney, G.L., Z.D. Lawrence, M.L. Santee, N.J. Livesey, A. Lambert and M.C. Pitts
Polar processing in a split vortex: Arctic ozone loss in early winter 2012/2013
Pendlebury, D., D. Plummer, J. Scinocca, P. Sheese, K. Strong, K. Walker and D. Degenstein
Comparison of the CMAM30 data set with ACE-FTS and OSIRIS: polar regions
Schwartz, M.J., G.L. Manney, M.I. Hegglin, N.J. Livesey, M.L. Santee and W.H. Daffer
Climatology and variability of trace gases in extratropical double-tropopause regions from MLS, HIRDLS, and ACE-FTS measurements
Solomon, S., D. Kinnison, J. Bandoro and R. Garcia
Simulation of polar ozone depletion: An update
Tang, X., Y. Liu, W. Wang, L. Song and W. Li
Changes in stratospheric ClO and HCl concentrations under different greenhouse gas emission scenarios
Blunden, J. and D.S. Arndt
State of the Climate in 2013
Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2014Damiani, A., B. Funke, M.L. Puertas, A. Gardini, T. von Clarmann, M.L. Santee, L. Froidevaux and R.R. Cordero
Changes in the composition of the northern polar upper stratosphere in February 2009 after a sudden stratospheric warming
Hurst, D.F., A. Lambert, W.G. Read, S.M. Davis, K.H. Rosenlof, E.G. Hall, A.F. Jordan and S.J. Oltmans
Validation of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder stratospheric water vapor measurements by the NOAA frost point hygrometer
Mahieu, E., M.P. Chipperfield, J. Notholt, T. Reddmann, J. Anderson, P.F. Bernath, T. Blumenstock, M.T. Coffey, S.S. Dhomse, W. Feng, B. Franco, L. Froidevaux, D. Griffith, J.W. Hannigan, F. Hase, R. Hossaini, N.B. Jones, I. Morino, I. Murata, H. Nakajima, M. Palm, C. Paton-Walsh, J.M. Russell III, M. Schneider, C. Servais, D. Smale and K.A. Walker
Recent Northern Hemisphere stratospheric HCl increase due to atmospheric circulation changes
Theys, N., I.D. Smedt, M.V. Roozendael, L. Froidevaux, L. Clarisse and F. Hendrick
First satellite detection of volcanic OClO after the eruption of Puyehue-Cordón Caulle
Virolainen, Y., Y. Timofeyev, A. Polyakov, D. Ionov and A. Poberovsky
Intercomparison of satellite and ground-based measurements of ozone, NO2, HF, and HCl near Saint Petersburg, Russia
Blunden, J. and D.S. Arndt
State of the Climate in 2012
Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2013Khosravi, M., P. Baron, J. Urban, L. Froidevaux, A.I. Jonsson, Y. Kasai, K. Kuribayashi, C. Mitsuda, D.P. Murtagh, H. Sagawa, M.L. Santee, T.O. Sato, M. Shiotani, M. Suzuki, T. von Clarmann, K.A. Walker and S. Wang
Diurnal variation of stratospheric and lower mesospheric HOCl, ClO and HO2 at the equator: comparison of 1-D model calculations with measurements by satellite instruments
Schwartz, M.J., W.J. Read, M.L. Santee, N.J. Livesey, L. Froidevaux, A. Lambert and G.L. Manney
Convectively Injected Water Vapor in the North American Summer Lowermost Stratosphere
Sugita, T., Y. Kasai, Y. Terao, S. Hayashida, G.L. Manney, W.H. Daffer, H. Sagawa, M. Suzuki, M. Shiotani, K.A. Walker, C.D. Boone and P.F. Bernath
HCl and ClO profiles inside the Antarctic vortex as observed by SMILES in November 2009: comparisons HCl and ClO profiles inside the Antarctic vortex as observed by SMILES in November 2009: comparisons with MLS and ACE-FTS instruments
von Clarmann, T.
Chlorine in the stratosphere
Wohltmann, I., T. Wegner, R. Mueller, R. Lehmann, M. Rex, G.L. Manney, M.L. Santee, P. Bernath, O. Suminska-Ebersoldt, F. Strohl, M. von Hobe, C.M. Volk, E. Hoesen, F. Ravegnani, A. Ulanovsky and V. Yushkov
Uncertainties in modelling heterogeneous chemistry and Arctic ozone depletion in the winter 2009/2010
Blessmann, D., I. Wohldmann, R. Lehmann and M. Rex
Persistence of ozone anomalies in the Arctic stratospheric vortex in autumn
Blunden, J. and D.S. Arndt
State of the Climate in 2011
Damiani, A., B. Funke, D.R. Marsh, M. Lopez-Puertas, M.L. Santee, L. Froidevaux, S. Wang, C.H. Jackman, T. von Clarmann, A. Gardini, R.R. Cordero and M. Storini
Impact of January 2005 solar proton events on chlorine species
Jones, A., K.A. Walker, J.J. Jin, J.R. Taylor, C.D. Boone, P.F. Bernath, S. Brohede, G.L. Manney, S. McLeod, R. Hughes and W.H. Daffer
Technical Note: A trace gas climatology derived from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer ACE-FTS data set
Lange, A.D., M. Birk, G.D. Lange, F. Friedl-Vallon, O. Kiselev, V. Koshelets, G. Maucher, H. Oelhaf, A. Selig, P. Vogt, G. Wagner and J. Landgraf
HCl and ClO in activated Arctic air first retrieved vertical profiles from TELIS submillimetre limb spectra
Wegner, T., J.U. Grooss, M. von Hobe, F. Stroh, O. Suminska-Ebersoldt, C.M. Volk, E. Hosen, V. Mitev, G. Shur and R. Mueller
Heterogeneous chlorine activation on stratospheric aerosols and clouds in the Arctic polar vortex
Winkler, H., C. von Savigny, J.P. Burrows, J.M. Wissing, M.J. Schwartz, A. Lambert and M. Garcia-Comas
Impacts of the January 2005 solar particle event on noctilucent clouds and water at the polar summer mesopause
Blunden, J., D.S. Arndt and M.O. Baringer
State of the Climate in 2010
Feng, W., M.P. Chipperfield, S. Davies, G.W. Mann, K.S. Carslaw, S. Dhomse, L. Harvey, C. Randall and M.L. Santee
Modelling the effect of denitrification on polar ozone depletion for Arctic winter 2004/2005
Jones, A., J. Urban, D.P. Murtagh, C. Sanchez, K.A. Walker, N.J. Livesey, L. Froidevaux and M.L. Santee
Analysis of HCl and ClO time series in the upper stratosphere using satellite data sets
Laat, A.T.J.d. and M. van Weele
The 2010 Antarctic ozone hole: Observed reduction in ozone destruction by minor sudden stratospheric warmings
Manney, G.L., M.L. Santee, M. Rex, N.J. Livesey, M.C. Pitts, P. Veefkind, E.R. Nash, I. Wohltmann, R. Lehmann, L. Froidevaux, L.R. Poole, M.R. Schoeberl, D.P. Haffner, J. Davies, V. Dorokhov, H. Gernandt, B. Johnson, R. Kivi, E. Kyro, N. Larsen, P.F. Levelt, A. Makshtas, C.T. McElroy, H. Nakajima, M.C. Parrondo, D.W. Tarasick, P.D. von Gathen, K.A. Walker and N.S. Zinoviev
Unprecedented Arctic ozone loss in 2011
Nielsen, K., G.E. Nedoluhab, A. Chandran, L.C. Chang, J. Barker-Tvedtnes, M.J. Taylor, N.J. Mitchell, A. Lambert, M.J. Schwartz and J.M. Russell III
On the origin of mid-latitude mesospheric clouds: The July 2009 cloud outbreak
Santee, M.L., G.L. Manney, N.J. Livesey, L. Froidevaux, M.J. Schwartz and W.G. Read
Trace gas evolution in the lowermost stratosphere from Aura Microwave Limb Sounder measurements
Arndt, D.S., M.O. Baringer and M.R. Johnson
State of the Climate in 2009
Mebarki, Y., V. Catoire, N. Huret, G. Berthet, C. Robert and G. Poulet
More evidence for very short-lived substance contribution to stratospheric chlorine inferred from HCl balloon-borne in situ measurements in the tropics
Minschwaner, K., G.L. Manney, N.J. Livesey, H.C. Pumphrey, H.M. Pickett, L. Froidevaux, A. Lambert, M.J. Schwartz, P.F. Bernath, K.A. Walker and C.D. Boone
The photochemistry of carbon monoxide in the stratosphere and mesosphere evaluated from observations by the Microwave Limb Sounder on the Aura satellite
Kawa, S.R., R.S. Stolarski, P.A. Newman, A.R. Douglass, M. Rex, D.J. Hoffmann, M.L. Santee and K. Frieler
Sensitivity of polar stratospheric ozone loss to uncertainties in chemical reaction kinetics
Nedoluha, G.E., R.M. Gomez, B.C. Hicks, J.E. Wrotny, C. Boone and A. Lambert
Water vapor measurements in the mesosphere from Mauna Loa over solar cycle 23
Coffey, M.T., J.W. Hannigan, A. Goldman, D.E. Kinnison, J.C. Gille, J. Barnett, L. Froidevaux, A. Lambert, M.L. Santee, N.J. Livesey, B.M. Fisher, S.S. Kulawik and R. Beer
Airborne Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) observations in support of EOS Aura validation
Considine, D.B., M. Natarajan, T.D. Fairlie, G.S. Lingenfelser, R.B. Pierce, L. Froidevaux and A. Lambert
Noncoincident validation of Aura MLS observations using the Langley Research Center Lagrangian chemistry and transport model
Froidevaux, L., Y.B. Jiang, A. Lambert, N.J. Livesey, W.G. Read, J.W. Waters, R.A. Fuller, T.P. Marcy, P.J. Popp, R.S. Gao, D.W. Fahey, K.W. Jucks, R.A. Stachnik, G.C. Toon, L.E. Christensen, C.R. Webster, P.F. Bernath, C.D. Boone, K.A. Walker, H.C. Pumphrey, R.S. Harwood, G.L. Manney, M.J. Schwartz, W.H. Daffer, B.J. Drouin, R.E. Cofield, D.T. Cuddy, R.F. Jarnot, B.W. Knosp, V.S. Perun, W.V. Snyder, P.C. Stek, R.P. Thurstans and P.A. Wagner
Validation of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder HCl measurements
Lary, D.J. and O. Aulov
Space-based measurements of HCl: Intercomparison and historical context
Mahieu, E., P. Duchatelet, P. Demoulin, K.A. Walker, E. Dupuy, L. Froidevaux, C. Tandall, V. Catoire, K. Strong, C.D. Boone, P.F. Bernath, T. Blumenstock, M. Coffey, M. De Maziere, D. Griffith, J. Hannigan, F. Hase, N. Jones, K.W. Jucks, A. Kagawa, Y. Kasai, Y. Mebarki, S. Mikuteit, R. Nassar, J. Notholt, C.P. Rinsland, C. Robert, O. Schrems, C. Senten, D. Dmale, J. Taylor, C. Tetard, G.C. Toon, T. Warneke, S.W. Wood, R. Zander and C. Servais
Validation of ACE-FTS v2.2 measurements of HCl, HF, CCl3F and CCl2F2 using space-, balloon- and ground-based instrument observations
McConnell, J.C. and J.J. Jin
Stratospheric Ozone Chemistry
Santee, M.L., I.A. MacKenzie, G.L. Manney, M.P. Chipperfield, P.F. Bernath, K.A. Walker, C.D. Boone, L. Froidevaux, N.J. Livesey and J.W. Waters
A study of stratospheric chlorine partitioning based on new
Schoeberl, M.R., A.R. Douglass, P.A. Newman, L.R. Lait, D. Lary, J. Waters, N. Livesey, L. Froidevaux, A. Lambert, W. Read, M.J. Filipiak and H.C. Pumphrey
QBO and Annual Cycle Variations in Tropical Lower Stratosphere Trace Gases from HALOE and Aura MLS Observations
Lary, D.J., D.W. Waugh, A.R. Douglass, R.S. Stolarski, P.A. Newman and H. Mussa
Variations in Stratospheric Inorganic Chlorine Between 1991 and 2006
Manney, G.L., W.H. Daffer, J.M. Zawodny, P.F. Bernath, K.W. Hoppel, K.A. Walker, B.W. Knosp, C. Boone, E.E. Remsberg, M.L. Santee, V. Lynn Harvey, S. Pawson, D.R. Jackson, L. Deaver, C.T. McElroy, C.A. McLinden, J.R. Drummond, H.C. Pumphrey, A. Lambert, M.J. Schwartz, L. Froidevaux, S. McLeod, L.L. Takacs, M.J. Suarez, C.R. Trepte, D.T. Cuddy, N.J. Livesey, R.S. Harwood and J.W. Waters
Solar Occultation Satellite Data and Derived Meteorological Products: Sampling Issues and Comparisons with Aura MLS
Prata, A.J., S.A. Carn, A. Stohl and J. Kerkmann
Long range transport and fate of a stratospheric volcanic cloud from Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat
Cofield, R.E. and P.C. Stek
Design and field-of-view calibration of 114-660 GHz optics of the Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder
Froidevaux, L., N.J. Livesey, W.G. Read, Y.B. Jiang, C.J. Jimenez, M.J. Filipiak, M.J. Schwartz, M.L. Santee, H.C. Pumphrey, J.H. Jiang, D.L. Wu, G.L. Manney, B.J. Drouin, J.W. Waters, E.J. Fetzer, P.F. Bernath, C.D. Boone, K.A. Walker, K.W. Jucks, G.C. Toon, J.J. Margitan, B. Sen, C.R. Webster, L.E. Christensen, J.W. Elkins, E. Atlas, R.A. Lueb and R. Hendershot
Early validation analyses of atmospheric profiles from EOS MLS on the Aura satellite
Froidevaux, L., N.J. Livesey, W.G. Read, R.J. Salawitch, J.W. Waters, B.J. Drouin, I.A. MacKenzie, H.C. Pumphrey, P. Bernath, C. Boone, R. Nassar, S. Montzka, J. Elkins, D. Cunnold and D. Waugh
Temporal decrease in upper atmospheric chlorine
Hilsenrath, E., M.R. Schoeberl, A.R. Douglass, P.K. Bhartia, J. Barnett, R. Beer, J. Waters, M. Gunson, L. Froidevaux, J. Gille and P.F. Levelt
Early Data from Aura and Continuity from UARS and TOMS
Schoeberl, M.R., S.R. Kawa, A.R. Douglass, T.J. McGee, E.V. Browell, J.W. Waters, N.J. Livesey, W.G. Read, L. Froidevaux, M.L. Santee, H.C. Pumphrey, L.R. Lait and L. Twigg
Chemical Observations of a Polar Vortex Intrusion
Manney, G.L., M.L. Santee, N.J. Livesey, L. Froidevaux, W.G. Read, H.C. Pumphrey, J.W. Waters and S. Pawson
EOS Microwave Limb Sounder Observations of the Antarctic Polar Vortex Breakup in 2004
Santee, M.L., G.L. Manney, N.J. Livesey, L. Froidevaux, H.C. Pumphrey, W.G. Read, M.J. Schwartz and J.W. Waters
Polar processing and development of the 2004 Antarctic ozone hole: First results from Aura MLS
Drouin, B.J.
Temperature Dependent Pressure Induced Lineshape of the HCl J=1<-0 Rotational Transition in Nitrogen and Oxygen
Mueller, R., S. Tilmes, J-U. Grooss, D.S. McKenna, M. Mueller, U. Schmidt, G.C. Toon, R.A. Stachnik, J.J. Margitan, J.W. Elkins, J. Arvelius and J.M. Russell
Chlorine activation and chemical loss deduced from HALOE and balloon measurements in the Arctic during the winter of 1999-2000
Stachnik, R.A., R.J. Salawitch, A. Engel and U. Schmidt
Measurements of chlorine partitioning in the winter Arctic stratosphere
Engel, A., U. Schmidt and R.A. Stachnik
Partitioning Between Chlorine Reservoir Species Deduced from Observations in the Arctic Winter Stratosphere
Stachnik, R.A., J.C. Hardy, J.A. Tarsala, J.W. Waters and N.R. Erickson
Submillimeterwave heterodyne measurements of stratospheric ClO, HCl, O3, and HO2: First results