The MLS CO Product

Contact: Nathaniel Livesey for upper troposphere, lower stratosphere
Hugh Pumphrey for upper stratosphere, mesosphere

Basic Information CO is a long-lived tracer that is valuable for diagnosing atmospheric transport and idenfying the source of air masses. In the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere CO is a measure of pollution that has upwelled from the boundary layer. In the upper stratosphere and mesosphere it is a measure of CO that has been produced by CO2 photodissociation in the thermosphere.

The CO Molecule

The standard product for version 1.5 CO is taken from the 240 GHz (Core+R3) retrieval. Simulations indicate good closure for CO in the stratosphere and upper troposphere, typically to better than ~20 ppbv. There is large scatter in the upper atmosphere, and there are oscillations in the mesosphere. In the winter upper stratosphere, where CO-rich air has descended from the mesosphere/thermosphere, large biases and scatter are seen.

(map from 2005d028)

CO Information from the Spectroscopy Database Product Information Line Listing

Future Publications

1. Hegglin, M.I., C.D. Boone, G.L. Manney, K.A. Walker, "A global view of the extratropical tropopause transition layer (ExTL) from Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer O3, H2O, and CO", Not yet published. Preprint
2. Jiang, J.H., H. Su, M. Schoeberl, S.T. Massie, P. Colarco, S. Platnick, N. Livesey, "Clean and polluted clouds: relationships among pollution, ice cloud and precipitation in South America", Not yet published. Preprint

2008

1. Livesey, N.J., M.J. Filipiak, L. Froidevaux, W.G. Read, A. Lambert, M.L. Santee, J.H. Jiang, H.C. Pumphrey, J.W. Waters, R.E. Cofield, D.T. Cuddy, W.H. Daffer, B.J. Drouin, R.A. Fuller, R.F. Jarnot, Y.B. Jiang, B.W. Knosp, Q.B. Li, V.S. Perun, M.J. Schwartz, W.V. Snyder, P.C. Stek, R.P. Thurstans, P.A. Wagner, M. Avery, E.V. Browell, J-P. Cammas, L.E. Christensen, G.S. Diskin, R-S. Gao, H-J. Jost, M. Loewenstein, J.D. Lopez, P. Nedelec, G.B. Osterman, G.W. Sachse, C.R. Webster, "Validation of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder O3 and CO observations in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere", vol 113, pgs. D15S02, 2008. Reprint
2. Manney, G.L., W.H. Daffer, K.B. Strawbridge, K.A. Walker, C.D. Boone, P.F. Bernath, T. Kerzenmacher, M.J. Schwartz, K. Strong, R.J. Sica, K. Kruger, H.C. Pumphrey, L. Froidevaux, A. Lambert, M.L. Santee, N.J. Livesey, E.E. Remsberg, M.G. Mlynczak, J.R. Russell III, "The High Arctic in Extreme Winters: Vortex, Temperature, and MLS and ACE-FTS Trace Gas Evolution", vol 8, pgs. 505-522, 2008. Reprint
3. Schoeberl, M.R., A.R. Douglass, P.A. Newman, L.R. Lait, D. Lary, J. Waters, N. Livesey, L. Froidevaux, A. Lambert, W. Read, M.J. Filipiak, H.C. Pumphrey, "QBO and Annual Cycle Variations in Tropical Lower Stratosphere Trace Gases from HALOE and Aura MLS Observations", vol 113, pgs. D05301, 2008. Reprint
4. Pumphrey, H.C., C. Boone, K.A. Walker, P. Bernath, N.J. Livesey, "The tropical tape recorder observed in HCN", vol 35, pgs. L05801, 2008. Reprint
5. Hegglin, M.I., P.F. Bernath, C.D. Boone, W.H. Daffer, P. Hoor, G.L. Manney, C. Schiller, K. Strong, K.A. Walker, "Validation of ACE-FTS satellite date in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) using non-coincident measurements", vol 8, pgs. 1483-1499, 2008. Reprint
6. Read, W.G., M.J. Schwartz, A. Lambert, H. Su, N.J. Livesey, W.H. Daffer, C.D. Boone, "The Roles of Convection, Extratropical Mixing, and In-Situ Freeze-drying in the Tropical Tropopause Layer", vol 8, pgs. 3961-4000, 2008. Reprint
7. Barret, B., P. Ricaud, C. Mari, J-L. Attie, N. Bousserez, B. Josse, E. Le Flochmoen, N.J. Livesey, S. Massart, A. Piacentini, B. Sauvage, V. Thouret, J-P. Cammas, "Transport pathways of CO in the African upper troposphere during the monsoon season: a study based upon the assimilation of spaceborne observations", vol 8, pgs. 2863-2902, 2008. Reprint

2007

1. Pumphrey, H.C., M.J. Filipiak, N.J. Livesey, M.J. Schwartz, C. Boone, K.A. Walker, P. Bernath, P. Ricaud, B. Barret, C. Clerbaux, R.F. Jarnot, G.L. Manney, J.W. Waters, "Validation of middle-atmosphere carbon monoxide retrievals from MLS on Aura", vol 112, pgs. D24S38, 2007. Reprint
2. Manney, G.L., W.H. Daffer, J.M. Zawodny, P.F. Bernath, K.W. Hoppel, K.A. Walker, B.W. Knosp, C. Boone, E.E. Remsberg, M.L. Santee, V. Lynn Harvey, S. Pawson, D.R. Jackson, L. Deaver, C.T. McElroy, C.A. McLinden, J.R. Drummond, H.C. Pumphrey, A. Lambert, M.J. Schwartz, L. Froidevaux, S. McLeod, L.L. Takacs, M.J. Suarez, C.R. Trepte, D.T. Cuddy, N.J. Livesey, R.S. Harwood, J.W. Waters, "Solar Occultation Satellite Data and Derived Meteorological Products: Sampling Issues and Comparisons with Aura MLS", vol 112, pgs. D24S50, 2007. Reprint
3. Liu, C., E.J. Zipster, T.J. Garrett, J.H. Jiang, H. Su, "How do the water vapor and carbon monoxide 'tape recorders' start near the tropical tropopause", vol 34, pgs. L09804, 2007. Reprint
4. Wong, S., A.E. Dessler, "Regulation of H₂O and CO in Tropical Tropopause Layer by the Madden-Julian Oscillation", vol 112, pgs. D14305, 2007. Reprint
5. Jiang, J.H., N.J. Livesey, H. Su, L. Neary, J.C. McConnell, N.A. Richards, "Connecting surface emissions, convective uplifting, and long-range transport of carbon monoxide in the upper-troposphere: New observations from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder", vol 34, pgs. L18812, 2007. Reprint
6. Ricaud, P., B. Barret, J-L. Attie, E. Motte, E. Le Flochmoen, H. Teyseedre, V.-H. Peuch, N. Livesey, A. Lambert, J.-P. Pommereau, "Impact of land convection on troposphere-stratosphere exchange in the tropics", vol 7, pgs. 5639-5657, 2007. Reprint

2006

1. Froidevaux, L., N.J. Livesey, W.G. Read, Y.B. Jiang, C.J. Jimenez, M.J. Filipiak, M.J. Schwartz, M.L. Santee, H.C. Pumphrey, J.H. Jiang, D.L. Wu, G.L. Manney, B.J. Drouin, J.W. Waters, E.J. Fetzer, P.F. Bernath, C.D. Boone, K.A. Walker, K.W. Jucks, G.C. Toon, J.J. Margitan, B. Sen, C.R. Webster, L.E. Christensen, J.W. Elkins, E. Atlas, R.A. Lueb, R. Hendershot, "Early validation analyses of atmospheric profiles from EOS MLS on the Aura satellite", vol 44, num no. 5, 2006. Reprint
2. Cofield, R.E., P.C. Stek, "Design and field-of-view calibration of 114-660 GHz optics of the Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder", vol 44, num no. 5, pgs. 1166-1181, 2006. Reprint
3. Barret, B., P. Ricaud, M.L. Santee, J-L. Attie, J. Urban, E. Le Flochmoen, G. Berthet, D. Murtagh, P. Eriksson, A. Jones, J. de La Noe, E. Dupuy, L. Froidevaux, N.J. Livesey, J.W. Waters, M.J. Filipiak, "Intercomparisons of Trace Gas Profiles from the Odin/SMR and Aura/MLS Limb Sounders", vol 111, pgs. D21302, 2006. Reprint
4. Folkins, I., P. Bernath, C. Boone, G. Lesins, N. Livesey, A.M. Thompson, K. Walker, J.C. Witte, "Seasonal cycles of O₃, CO, and convective outflow at the tropical tropopause", vol 33, pgs. L16802, 2006. Reprint
5. Fu, R., Y. Hu, J.S. Wright, J.H. Jiang, R.E. Dickinson, M. Chen, M. Filipiak, W.G. Read, J.W. Waters, D.L. Wu, "Short circuit of water vapor and polluted air to the global stratosphere by convective transport over the Tibetan Plateau", vol 103, pgs. 5664-5669, 2006. Reprint
6. Schoeberl, M.R., B.N. Duncan, A.R. Douglass, J. Waters, N. Livesey, W. Read, M. Filipiak, "The carbon monoxide tape recorder", vol 33, pgs. L12811, 2006. Reprint

2005

1. Filipiak, M.J., R.S. Harwood, J.H. Jiang, Q. Li, N.J. Livesey, G.L. Manney, W.G. Read, M.J. Schwartz, J.W. Waters, D.L. Wu, "Carbon Monoxide Measured by the EOS Microwave Limb Sounder on Aura: First Results", vol 32, pgs. L14825, 2005. Reprint Summary
2. Li, Q.B., J.H. Jiang, D.L. Wu, W.G. Read, N.J. Livesey, J.W. Waters, Y. Zhang, B. Wang, M.J. Filipiak, C.P. Davis, S. Turquety, S. Wu, R.J. Park, R.M. Yantosca, D.J. Jacob, "Convective outflow of South Asian pollution: A global CTM simulation compared with EOS MLS observations", vol 32, pgs. L14826, 2005. Reprint Summary

Site Manager: Nathaniel Livesey
Webmaster: Brian Knosp